The talented and charismatic (Mama) Cass Elliot possessed one of the best pop voices of the 1960’s.Along with Denny Doherty and husband and wife team John and Michelle Phillips she was a part of the legendary pop quartet ‘The Mamas And The
Papas’.
Mama Cass was born Ellen Naomi Cohen on September 19th 1941
in Baltimore, Maryland the daughter of a restaurateur.She
grew up there and in Alexandria, Virginia. Her father nicknamed her ‘Cass’ after the Trojan phrophetess Cassandra, whilst Cass herself chose the name of ‘Elliot’
in memory of a friend who had been killed in an automobile accident. Her musical and theatrical leanings began early whilst attending Forest Park High School.As a student there, she had a role in the play ‘The Boyfriend’. After graduating, Cass was
employed by the ‘Jewish Times’ in Baltimore before attending the American University in suburban Washington D.C. in the autumn of 1962 as a non-degree student with an emphasis on drama.In 1963 she relocated to New York City and Greenwich Village where she appeared in several off-Broadway productions including ‘The Music Man’.Interestingly, she lost out on the part of Miss Marmelstein in ‘I Can Get It
For You Wholesale’ to Barbra Streisand.
'THE BIG THREE' (circa 1964)
'THE MUGWUMPS'
Cass worked for a while as a hat check girl at ‘The Showplace’ in Greenwich Village
where she would sometimes sing, but it was only when she returned to the Washington area that she began her singing career in earnest.It was there she met banjoist and singer Tim Rose
and singer John Brown.Together they formed folk music group ‘The Triumvirate’.
In 1963 James Hendricks replaced Brown, and the group became ‘The Big Three’
(before the end of 1963 Cass married Hendricks; some say it was a purely platonic
arrangement to save Hendricks from being drafted into the army for the Vietnam war.
Whatever, the marriage was never consummated and was annulled in 1968).
Cass recorded ‘Winkin, Blinkin’ and Nod’ with The Big Three and it was released
by FM Records in the same year.In 1964 Tim Rose left the band, and Cass and James Hendricks teamed up with Canadians Zal Yanovsky and future-Papa-to-be
Denny Doherty to create the group ‘The Mugwumps’.The Mugwumps may have only lasted for eight months, but for its members it was
merely the passport to bigger and far better things.After their split Cass performed
in a solo act for a time, while Yanovsky teamed up with John Sebastian to co-found
‘The Lovin’ Spoonful'; meanwhile Doherty joined ‘The New Journeymen’ whose line-up included John and Michelle Phillips.Doherty wanted Cass to join the band, but it
took some persuasion on his part to convince John Phillips.Cass officially became a member in 1965 whilst the group was vacationing in St Thomas in the Virgin Islands,
writing and rehearsing new songs.
A popular
legend grew around this time that shortly before Cass joined the Journeymen her vocal range was improved by three notes after she was hit on the head by some copper tubing!
In an interview with ‘Rolling Stone’ magazine in 1968, Cass confirmed the story:
“It’s true, I did get hit on the head by a pipe that fell down and my range was increased by three notes. They were tearing this club apart in the islands, revamping it, putting in a dance floor. Workmen dropped a thin metal plumbing pipe and it hit me on the head and knocked me to the ground. I had a concussion and went to the hospital. I had a bad headache for about two weeks and all of a sudden I was singing higher. It’s true. Honest to God”. The implication of this tale seemed to be that Cass’
voice needed work before the New Journeymen would accept her - completely false - as history has proven that
Cass was musically gifted, with an outstanding and unique voice. The truth was simpler, yet
politically incorrect – John Phillips had originally considered her too fat.
'THE MAMAS AND THE PAPAS'
The New Journeymen were re-named ‘The Mamas And The Papas’ to acknowledge
the inclusion of its two female members.Together they would go on to become America’s first super group; at the height of their success they were outsold only by the Beatles and Elvis.Cass’ association
with the band would bring her worldwide fame and the biggest financial rewards of her career.
Denny Doherty gives this account of how the band
name came about:
"We're all just lying around vegging out watching TV and discussing names for the group. The New Journeymen was not a handle that was going to hang on this outfit. John was pushing for 'The Magic Circle'. Eech, but none of us could come up with anything better, then we switch the channel and, hey, it's the Hell's Angels on this talk show... and the first thing we hear is: "Now hold on there, Hoss. Some people call our women cheap, but we just call them our Mamas." Cass jumped up: "Yeah! I want to be a Mama." And Michelle is going: "We're the Mamas! We're the Mamas!" OK. I look at John. He's looking at me going: "The Papas?" Problem solved. A toast! To The Mamas and the Papas. Well, after many, many toasts, Cass and John are passed out.”
The Mamas And the Papas were typical of the new breed of groups that followed in the
wake of the Beatles as America formulated its own response to the ‘British Invasion’.
They were lead exponents of what would become known as the west coast vocal group sound -
their catchy music a blend of '60s pop/rock and folk, utilizing intricate, haunting and sumptuous harmonies.
Their diverse looks and personalities combined with colourful hippy clothing gave them a strong and unique identitity, and
even more noteworthy is the fact that they were one of the first UNISEX groups in an era of same-sex bands.The Mamas And The Papas established themselves with the help of Lou Adler, a producer with the newly formed record company Dunhill. They released their first album in March 1966 entitled ‘If You Can Believe Your Eyes and Ears’; it signalled the beginning of their rise to national acclaim and stayed in Cash Box magazine's top 100 for five months. In the singles chart they
broke through with their #4 smash
‘California Dreamin’ which helped trigger the westwards migration of rootless young
people during the ‘Hippy’ era.This was followed by a string of hits, (written or co-written and arranged by John Phillips) most notably ‘Monday Monday’ (which hit the
number #1 spot and earnt them a Grammy for ‘Best Contemporary group Performance’) ‘Twelve Thirty’, ‘Words Of Love’,
‘Dedicated To the One I love’ and ‘I Saw Her Again Last Night’ whilst
their hit song ‘Creeque Alley’ told the story of the band’s formation amidst the increasingly trendy folk scene of that era and mentioned members of the Lovin' Spoonful and the Byrds
in its lyrics.
For a period during the
late 1960’s The Mamas And The Papas remained in the hip vanguard of the L.A.
scene; John Phillips even served as one of the principal organisers of the Monterey Pop Festival along with Lou Adler, and the group themselves performed there.Naturally they
were garnering some great reviews;
a ‘Newsweek’ journalist wrote in August 1966 that the Mamas And Papas style was: “infectious, funky, heavily orchestrated, generating the rolling momentum of the surf”
whilst in October of that year ‘Time’ magazine reported that: “together they build a bouyant vocal blend that floats easily through intricate harmonic shifts, toying with rhythms that are as fresh and bracing as ocean breezes.” Writer Arnold Shaw commented in his 1969 book ‘The Rock Revolution: What's Happening in Today's Music’ that the Mamas And The Papas " arrangements were so original and the blend of voices so rich that the foursome quickly gained recognition as one of the great vocal quartets of rock” before adding: "Thanks to the raunch-and-rock quality of big Mama Cass Elliot, however, [the group] never sacrificed the big beat.”
For Cass personally, 1967 was a watershed year due to the birth of her only child -
a girl named Owen Vanessa Elliot born on April 26th (the father of Owen was never
publicly identified, but many years later and after Cass’ death, Michelle Phillips would help her locate her biological father).
With all her new found success Cass took to the sumptuous lifestyle of the rich and privileged like a duck to water; she moved into a mansion formerly owned by movie star Natalie Wood and her residence became a regular hang out for up and coming musician friends, including David Crosby, Stephen Stills and Graham Nash.
However, this blissful state of affairs did not last very long, for
although the Mamas And The Papas had enjoyed considerable success over an extremely short period of time, by 1968 the band had broken up due to dissent and in-fighting (they had
recently released their album ‘The Papas and The Mamas’.) Apart from personality
clashes, Denny Doherty had an affair with Michelle Phillips which devastated Cass,
who was in love with him.In fact, Doherty remarked in later years that Cass had even
proposed to him, but he was so ‘stoned’ at the time that he couldn’t respond.
'MAMA CASS SOLO'
'CASS WITH JACK NICHOLSON & MICHELLE PHILLIPS'
'CASS WITH SINGER STEVE LAWRENCE'
In the wake of the band’s split Cass launched a successful solo career, but she had a
very rocky start.
She had
long been considered by some as the most charismatic band member, and along
with Denny Doherty, posessed the best voice in the group, so a solo career was a natural progression.
Ironically, it was
a Mamas and Papas recording which served as her biggest solo hit – the evergreen
standard ‘Dream A Little Dream Of Me’.Previously recorded by a host of classic
artists including Nat King Cole and Doris Day, ‘Dream’ appeared on the album
‘The Papas And The Mamas Presented By The Mamas And The Papas’ in early
1968 (the group decided to record it after hearing about the death of Fabian Andre –
one of the song’s co-writers whom Michelle Phillips had met years earlier).
Cass’
version also appeared on her solo album of the same name released by Dunhill Records in October 1968.She gave the song a gentle, wistful ballad style treatment; a stark contrast to the usually up-tempo versions of the song.
Around the same time she appeared at an ill-fated solo engagement at Caesar’s Palace in Las Vegas for
the unusually lucrative fee of $40,000 per week.Unfortunately she didn’t make it
past first night – she was suffering from tonsilitis at the time, and lacked adequate production support for her stage show.Her performance was shredded in the press
and deemed ‘a disaster’, and the remainder of her engagement was cancelled.Likewise poor production support and ‘witless writing’ for ABC’s
‘Mama Cass Elliot Televison Special’ on the 26th June 1969 also ensured that this show too, received a
poor reception.However, after such a shaky beginning Cass' success in television took off pretty quickly.
From 1969 onwards she was well received on late-night talk shows and made
regular appearances on such productions as ‘Hollywood Squares’ and ‘The New Dating Game’.At the same time she released a string of classic pop tunes including
‘It’s Getting Better’, ‘Make Your Own Kind Of Music’ and ‘Move In A Little Closer’.In 1970 she met and worked briefly with rock star Dave Mason.Together
they released an album on the ‘Blue Thumb’ label in March 1971.Also, in July of that year Cass married Baron Donald von Weidenman - a Bavarian nobleman and
writer - but they broke up in less than a year.
Between March 1972 and December 1973 Cass released three solo albums on RCA and also enjoyed
success on the nightclub circuit, including engagements at the Flamingo and Riviera
in Las Vegas, The Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco and at clubs in Miami and Puerto Rico.
'CASS IN EXOTIC MOOD'
In the early 1970’s up until her untimely death Cass consolidated on her t.v. work and appeared on
countless shows, including ‘The Julie Andrews Hour’, ‘The Mike Douglas Show’,
‘The Andy Williams Show’ and ‘The Carole Burnett Show’.She appeared on the
Johnny Carson Show thirteen times and also guest-hosted for him.She was also a guest panelist for a week in late 1973 on the hit game series ‘Match Game ‘73’,
and in that same year featured in ‘Saga Of Sonora’ a musical-comedy western with
such stars of the day as Jill St. John, Vince Edwards, Zero Mostel and Lesley Ann Warren.In fact, throughout this period Cass pursued an acting career as well.She
had a featured role as a colourful witch in the 1970 movie ‘Pufnstuff’ and made guest star acting turns in ‘The New Scooby-Doo Movies’, ‘Young Dr. Kildare’, ‘Love, American Style’ and ‘The Red Skelton Show’ to name but a few.
In 1974 Cass travelled to England where she was to star at the London Palladium.
She performed in two sold out concerts there, and after the final one called Michelle
Phillips utterly elated because she had received standing ovations each night.
After making the call she went to bed and died in her sleep.
At first her death was attributed to choking on a ham
sandwich (one was found in her room at the time of death) – a revelation that gave the media a field day, and one which caused an unfortunate rumour/legend to grow which has continued to persist, inspite of the fact that a later report issued by a British pathologist and a
London coroner concluded that she had in fact died of a heart attack brought on by her
weight.There were no traces of drugs or alcohol found in her blood.The ‘New York Times’ carried this news on August 6th 1974 when it reported that: "Dr. Keith Simpson, a British pathologist, and Gavin Thurston, a London coroner, issued a report yesterday that ruled out the theory that "Mama" Cass Elliot choked to death on a ham sandwich." (another odd aside to the tale is that Cass died in the same flat - No.12 at 9 Curzon Place, Mayfair that ‘The Who’ drummer Keith Moon died in, just over four years later.
Cass’ funeral was held on the 2nd of August 1974 at the Hollywood Memorial Cemetery. Celebrity guests included John and Michelle Phillips, Sonny Bono, Lou Adler, Peter Lawford, Peter Boyle, David Steinberg and Carol Burnett. Cass was cremated, and her ashes buried at the Hebrew Cemetery in Woodlawn, Maryland.
Cass’ sister Leah Kunkel was granted custody of her seven year old daughter Owen.
'CASS AS MAE WEST'
It is sad to note that Cass’ death became the subject of derision in a series of poor taste jokes in comedy routines, movies and songs by the
likes of Frank Zappa, Mike Myers and Robin Williams. On a happier level, Crosby,
Stills and Nash dedicated their 2005 ‘Greatest Hits’ album to her, a 2004 stage production in Dublin paid tribute to her in ‘The Songs Of Mama Cass’ whilst the
1995 British movie ‘Beautiful Thing’ – a tale of teenage gay love featured a Mama
Cass soundtrack due to the memory of Cass playing a pivotal role in the life of one of the film’s characters.
Cass Elliot was a larger than life person in every sense. She was a warm,
endearing and colourful woman whose rich and vibrant voice along with a direct and hearty quick-to-laugh nature contributed so much to the Mamas And The Papas success. In an article for the ‘Village Voice dated the 15th August 1974, witer Geoffrey Stokes delivered an accurate if poignant obituary.He wrote that after the
break up of the Mamas And The Papas Cass: “bounced from an unwise voyage into rock [a reference to her brief collaboration with Dave Mason] into the relative safety of supper club singing. She was still capable of carrying a tune, but she was no longer a singer; she was only a star. Stardom, however, held her in its thrall, and she gradually became one of those bland 'colourful personalities' beloved of late-night talk shows. All the fire of those first few years had gone." That piece was written over 33
years ago; today Cass will be remembered more fondly for her outstanding if all too brief contribution to the world of popular music. As with so many other tragic figures of
her era, her musical; legacy lives on forever to thrill both new and old fans alike…
'MAMA CASS ELLIOT'
'DREAM A LITTLE DREAM OF ME'
MONDAY MONDAY/CALIFORNIA DREAMIN'
'DEDICATED TO THE ONE I LOVE'
THE MAMA CASS TELEVISION SPECIAL 1969
PUFNSTUFF - THE MOVIE 1970: CASS AS 'DIFFERENT WITCH HAZEL'